This static system has the potential to replace the current dynamic systems and vibration isolation platforms, dependent on studies for the particular application. Current architectures use dynamical systems, (i.e., moving parts, e.g., fast-steering mirrors (FSM), and/or gimbals) to turn the laser to point to the ground terminal, and some use vibration isolation platforms as well. Laser beam pointing is very challenging for LEO, including science missions. These capabilities make it possible to model laser beam propagation over long space communication distances. The pointing used a diffraction limited lens system and a VCSEL array. The computer simulations included modeling the laser source and diffraction effects due to wave optics. Computer simulations using this design have been made for the application of this innovation to a CubeSat in LEO. Preliminary analysis indicates that this system is applicable to transmissions between satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) and ground terminals. It can improve the PAT system's size, weight, and power (SWaP) in comparison to current systems. It combines a lens system and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser VCSEL)/Photodetector Array, both mature technologies, in a novel way for PAT. The system is simple, static, compact, and provides accurate pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT). This invention provides a new method for optical data transmissions from satellites using laser arrays for laser beam pointing. Computer simulations using this design have been made for an application to a CubeSat in LEO. Laser beam pointing is very challenging for low-Earth Orbit (LEO), including science missions. This static system has the potential to replace the current dynamic systems and VIP, dependent on studies for the particular application. This patented technology from NASA Ames uses a combined lens system and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)/Photodetector Array. Current architectures use dynamical systems, (i.e., moving parts, e.g., fast-steering mirrors (FSM), and/or gimbals,) to turn the laser to point to the ground terminal and possibly use vibration isolation platforms (VIP). A possible application is to the Artemis Program for CubeSats in low-Lunar Orbit (LLO). With further development, possible applications include communications from the Earth to spacecraft in Earth orbit and in deep space, such as at the moon and Mars. NASA has developed a new laser beam pointing technology for use in space optical communications.
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